https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12177/3651 2026-07-23T15:50:38Z 2026-07-23T15:50:38Z Sokoudjou Kengne, Sharone Lucrèce https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12177/13772 2026-07-23T10:13:57Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Effet d’un yaourt enrichi en spiruline sur le microbiote intestinal chez les rats soumis à un régime hypercalorique Authors: Sokoudjou Kengne, Sharone Lucrèce Abstract: In recent years, special attention has been drawn to the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the development of metabolic diseases. Thus, substances or products that can modulate the balance of the microbiota through their prebiotic and probiotic activities are a major asset to combat several diseases. Hence the present study aimed at assessing the effect of an enriched spirulina yoghurt on the intestinal microbiota in rats subjected to a diet rich in fat, sucrose and fructose. As a result, 25 male rats of Wistar strains weighing approximately 160 ± 10g after 2 weeks of acclimatization, were distributed at random in to 2 groups, group A (negative control) (5 rats) fed with normal diet, and Group B (20 rats) in which dysbiosis was induced using a high fat /high-sucrose+fructose (HF-HSF) diet for 8 weeks. The faeces were collected on days 1, 30 and 60, and then analyzed to confirm the installation of dysbiosis. The 20 rats fed with HF-HSF diet were randomized and divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. In addition to the HF-HSF diet, the positive control group (TP) received 5 ml/kg of distilled water pc; the YES group received yogurt enriched with 1% spirulina; the YSS group received yoghurt without spirulina and the SP group received 50mg/kg of spirulina pc. The administration volume was 5 ml/kg of body weight per day by force -feeding. After 30 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed; plasma, serum, hemolysate and liver homogenate and intestinal content were collected. The results revealed an increase in pathogenic bacteria (total aerobic mesophilic flora, total coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus) and the firmicate/bactero ratio in rats fed with the HF-HSF diet unlike those fed with the normal diet. In addition, yoghurt enriched with 1% spirulina induced a significant increase in the NO, Catalase and IL-10 rate. With a reduction in the bacterial population in proteobacteria and an increase in firmicates and bacteroids followed by a decrease in body mass compared to the group treated with yoghurt without spirulina. In addition, the enriched spirulina yoghurt also significantly decreased the rates of TG, LDL, TNF and MDA in rats. In conclusion, yoghurt enriched with spirulina restored the balance of the intestinal flora, improved the lipid profile, reduced weight gain, inflammation and oxidative stress in rats fed with hypercalorical diet.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Youmbi, André Freddy https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12177/13771 2026-07-23T10:13:43Z 2024-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Les usages politiques du charisme présidentiel dans la domination électorale du R.D.P.C. au Cameroun Authors: Youmbi, André Freddy Abstract: Alternation, as an essential principle of democracy, is not a reality in Cameroon, where one party dominates at both national and local level. The advent of democracy in 1990 suggests that there will be a real debate on political alternation in Cameroon. However, this is not the case. The ruling CPDM party dominates the electoral field, poll after poll. Political analysts specializing in electoral issues have come up with several explanations for the vote, both in Africa in general and in Cameroon in particular. In this sociological study on ‘The political uses of presidential charisma in the electoral domination of the CPDM’, which we attempt to understand on the basis of local elections, namely legislative and municipal elections from 1992 to 2020, we examine the uses, issues and strategies associated with presidential charisma, which the party uses to win elections. In what way does the political use of presidential charisma by election candidates contribute to the construction of the CPDM's victory in municipal and legislative elections, and to the consolidation of its domination of the Cameroonian political arena? This is the main question we set out to answer in the course of this research. Our main hypothesis already sets us apart from other models for explaining the vote, and gives an idea of the direction we are taking. Since the advent of multiparty politics in 1992, the CPDM's domination of legislative and municipal elections has been based on its electoral campaign strategy, which consists of relying on the figure of the father in order to gain credit from the electorate. The electoral campaign strategy is built around the presidential charisma because it is an instrument that seduces the masses; consequently, the electorate participates de facto in the domination of the CPDM. Based on an empirical and documentary study of the CPDM's legislative and municipal campaigns from 1992 to 2013, supplemented by qualitative field data from the observation of CPDM electoral campaigns in the city of Yaoundé in 2020, interviews and focus groups conducted with resource persons, this study attempts to shed light on the political implications of the CPDM's use of presidential charisma in the context of local elections. Through the political use of presidential charisma, the party implements a policy of electoral domination. Presidential charisma is at the root of the inequalities in electoral opportunities that pave the way to victory, thus consolidating its domination of all local elections in Cameroon to the detriment of the democracy it promotes. All this helps to make presidential charisma a factor in explaining the CPDM vote.

2024-10-01T00:00:00Z Nguimgo-Dongmo, Roni-Laurence https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12177/13770 2026-07-23T10:13:26Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Évaluation de la composition physico-chimique et biologique des boues issues du traitement des eaux usées de savonnerie et de raffinerie de Pafic sarl, en vue de leur valorisation potentielle comme amendement agricole pour la culture du maïs, du soja et du manioc Authors: Nguimgo-Dongmo, Roni-Laurence Abstract: This study assesses the potential for using biosolids from PAFIC SARL's wastewater treatment plant as a fertilizer for crops, including maize, soybean, and cassava, by analyzing their physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. The company has multiple activities sectors generating industrial wastewater, including soap production, cosmetics, plastic manufacturing, beverages, and oil refining. Wastewater from these activities sectors undergoes a multi-stage treatment process involving pre-treatment (manual screening, sand removal), primary coagulation, and secondary physico-chemical treatment using aluminum sulfate. The biosolids produced were collected and analyzed for key parameters such as pH (6.82), conductivity (465 µS/cm), and nutrient content (total nitrogen: 165 mg/kg, phosphorus: 325 mg/kg). Notably, heavy metals were present, including zinc (349 mg/kg), lead (3.108 mg/kg), and chromium (20.4 mg/kg), althoug they were within acceptable agricultural limits. Microbiological analysis revealed moderate levels of fecal coliforms (240 UFC/100 ml), streptococci (153 UFC/100 ml), and the presence of Salmonella (3 UFC/5L), which poses potential sanitary risks for agricultural use. Recommendations for the safe use of these biosolids as a soil amendment include ensuring proper treatment and monitoring to mitigate microbiological risks and adjusting for potential heavy metal accumulation. The results highlight the potential of these biosolids to enrich soils with essential nutrients, although precautions are necessary to prevent environmental and health hazards, particularly in areas sensitive to heavy metal contamination. The findings underscore the importance of regulatory compliance and tailored treatment strategies for sustainable agricultural use.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Njifon Tapon Amadou, Nas https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12177/13769 2026-07-23T10:13:07Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Impacts lithologiques et anthropiques sur la qualité des eaux du petit bassin versant de chiémbûh dans le plateau bamoun (Ouest- Cameroun) Authors: Njifon Tapon Amadou, Nas Abstract: Climate variability and/or change associated with anthropogenic activities are at the root of water degradation and quantitative and qualitative availability on a global scale in general, and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular. It is in this context that the present study aims to assess the lithological and anthropogenic impacts on water quality in the upstream Chiémbùh watershed (BVAC) at Foumban (West Cameroon). To achieve this, in addition bibliographical research, field and laboratory work has been carried out, including: in-situ measurement of physico-chemical parameters, water sampling during the dry (February) and rainy (August) seasons hydrology, physiographic characterization and analysis of physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of BVAC waters. In physiographic terms, the BVAC has a surface area of 28.55 km, a perimeter of 24.75 km and a compactness index of 1.30, giving it an elongated shape similar to an equivalent rectangle, 9.35 km long and 3 km wide. The Chiémbùh stream, which drains this basin, flows from northwest to southeast, emptying into the Mfû river after a journey of around 18 km. Physico-chemically, the waters of the BVAC are acidic (4.38 ≤ pH ≤ 6.35), weakly to very weakly mineralized (7.6 ≤ CE ≤ 180.2 μS/cm, 124.60 ≤ TZ ≤ 1346.65 μeq/l) with a hydrochemicalfacies : bicarbonate calci-magnesian. This is explained by its plutono-metamorphic lithological substratum and thick ferralitic soil cover. Statistical analyses (correlation matrix and PCA) highlight two hydrochemical processes responsible for water mineralization: (i) water-rock interaction and (ii) anthropogenic activities. The presence of fecal coliforms and streptococci indicates fecal pollution of animal origin. These bacterial colonies are elevated in the dry season in wells and in the rainy season in springs. On the whole, this water complies with WHO and ANOR standards, except for certain parameters (pH, NO, CF and, SF) and can be used for other purposes (agricultural, livestock, domestic). But a preliminary treatment is necessary before any human consumption.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z