Langage et vérité dans le tractatus logico-philosophicus de wittgenstein : Essai d’analyse historico-critique

Abstract

This research work focuses on language and truth in Ludwig Wittgenstein's Tractatus logico-philosophicus. It is part of the vast movement of analytical philosophy. It is a text of one hundred and forty-nine pages, divided into three main parts. More precisely, he is interested in the question of the conditions of validity of language. The challenge here is to analyze the importance of truth-language taking into account the contribution of logical positivism and its scientific gaps. So, rethinking the notions of reference, of the world and of the context of the discourse, can prove to be decisive in fighting against the cult of lies and dogmatism which are a real scourge to the development of African societies in this twenty-first century. Thus, with reference to the Wittgensteinnian theory of language developed in the Tractatus, the opportunity is offered to consider the following question: to what extent is language the expression of truth? In other words, what elements do they have to say of a speech that expresses the truth, to accept another which would be false? What is the language of truth? How was the relationship between language and truth perceived in the history of ideas until the consecration of logicism? How to re-specify the stakes of this language logicism by correcting the gaps to promote the language of truth in Africa? To come to terms with this crucial concern, recourse to the historical-critical approach is capital to first take into account the question of the relationship between language and truth from Antiquity to Russel, then the defense of a linguistic pragmatism. by Wittgenstein in the Tractatus, and finally to discuss the relevance of this theory by establishing the epistemological limits or inadequacies and practical impacts, especially in the African context. To come to terms with this crucial concern, recourse to the historical-critical approach is capital to first take into account the question of the relationship between language and truth from Antiquity to Russel, then the defense of a linguistic pragmatism. by Wittgenstein in the Tractatus, and finally to discuss the relevance of this theory by establishing the epistemological limits or inadequacies and practical impacts, especially in the African context. In the end, the main thesis is the following: the language of truth must be the representation of the conventional or contextual reality of the users of the discourse. Thus, linguistic scientism as well as lying (the out of step with the convention of users of a language system) is not able to ensure the correct deployment of the human in society. Therefore, language must be understood and exposed in the multiplicity of its conventional and cultural codes.