Vieillissement de la population et variables macroéconomiques : Cas des pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne.

Abstract

The world in general, and sub-Saharan Africa in particular, is moving towards a change in its demographic structure, which is reflected in an increase in the proportion of the elderly in the total population. Thus, the objective of this research is to examine the impact of an aging population on macroeconomic outcomes: inflation, savings, real GDP growth, investment, consumption and market participation of work, in a sample of 48 countries of sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1996 to 2019. To carry out this study, we estimated by the panel model, precisely by the fixed-effect model and the random-effect model . The results show that a large share of the elderly in the population leads to lower GDP growth, it also puts downward pressure on inflation, investment and savings. The aging of the workforce tend to reduce the supply of labor. In order to reduce the negative effects of the aging of the population, it is desirable on the one hand to combine labor market policies with pension reforms and on the other hand to invest in human capital and technological innovation.