Diaspora Mafa et développement local du département de Mayo-Tsanaga : Une contribution à l’anthropologique de développement

Abstract

This work is entitled: "Mafa Diaspora of the Mayo-Tsanaga Division and Local Development: An Anthropological Approach." This research attempts to understand the mobility of the mafa of Mayo-Tsanaga and the development problem of the locality of origin. Indeed, the scientific problem that the work explains is the paradox of the diaspora considered as a factor of development in the Mafa context, but on the other hand some areas are neither seen nor taken into account in terms of the contribution of a member of the Mafa diaspora. The main question of our research is: What is the contribution of the mafa of the diaspora to the well-being of the community of origin? The data were collected in Garoua, Yaounde and the villages (Mokolo, Gouzda Wayam, Midre, Soulede, Bao, Bao-Tassai, Koza, Mbouzao, Mozogo, Moskota and Maroua) through the use of qualitative methods and techniques such as: observation, interviews, Foucus groups directed discussions, we used the anthropological approach to explain and interpret field data through the trans local or trans nationalist theory/approach of internal mobility. The results of this research show several factors contributing to the flow of mafa in the country's metropolitan cities. The precarious socio-economic living conditions of the village push the mafa to leave the village of origin while the officials it is by work constraint that he is outside the village. In the host environments, they mostly practice shabby informal activities. From the case studies and life stories the migrants clearly draw the will to contribute in the locality of origin, but several factors such as on the socio-cultural level with the construction and rehabilitation of boreholes, wells, support in health centers and with regard to tradition the diaspora has created an association to allow those who are outside the terroir to know the habits and customs in the mafa; with regard to education, several classrooms have been built equipped with bench tables, there are those that have created private schools and vocational training, without forgetting the bonuses of excellence offered to the best pupils and students to allow them to continue their studies, given the precarious standard of living in the area. In terms of real estate and furniture we have selected several establishments such as: hotels, restaurants, microfinance, of course the houses also and political with full of innovative ideas to improve the political vision of the population. Perspectives from field data show that diaspora mafa are agents of development. But in order to further improve their contributions, some suggestions are made: Awareness on fundraising, rigor on transparency of the funds collected and visibility of the achievements implemented; Raising awareness on the issue of development; Strengthening ties with the family and building young people with innovative ideas; Raising awareness for the strengthening of group spirit / Promotion of Solidarity; Establishment of large structures for the exploitation of local natural resources and source of employment etc.