Socioanalyse des pratiques des éleveurs de porcs dans la ville de Yaoundé au centre-Cameroun : état des lieux, facteurs et impacts socio-environnementaux

Abstract

The practice of breeding in urban areas is regulated by a host of texts (conventions, laws, decreases and decrees) in Cameroon. However, it is found that pig farming in the city of Yaoundé is practiced to the detriment of the prescriptions of these government standards. Following this observation, our research pursues the overall objective of explaining and understanding the practices mobilized by pig farmers in the city of Yaoundé. Therefore, the main hypothesis was formulated as follows: “the practices of pig farmers in the city of Yaoundé are explained and understood by an evolution of deviant practices”. Verifying the main hypothesis first required the mobilization of three theories. Robert King MERTON’S theory of anomie stipulates that each society establishes its norms and principles to frame and regulate human activities, in order to maintain a socio-environmental balance in the territory. The theory of the methodologicalism of Raymond BOUDON Teaches that social phenomenon is more the explanation of the reasons or individual actions of social actors. And the theory of the risk of Ulrich BECK’S teaches that social phenomenon is mostly the result of the sum of the actions of individuals, which are not enough the consequences of the actions they posed on daily. Then, this research was carried out, from the operation of 221 documents, direct observation, and 22 semi-guidelines with institutional actors, porching farmers in the city of Yaoundé and the city cities that reside around the porcieres. The analysis of the information collected was made from the sorting method and the content analysis. At the end of this research, six main results were retained. First, the dominant traits of pork breeding practice is being used from three aspects, namely: the growth of pork livestock practice in the city of Yaoundé, the clandestine of pork livestock practice and the powered meat chest in the city of Yaoundé. Then, the different deviating practices of pig elements are explained from two major factors, including: individualistic factors and holistic factors. Individualist factors are: the lack of financial means, lack of vocational training and professional unconsciousness. And the holistic factors: the deviating behavior of the elegant and the institutional laxism. Finally, two large types impacts. On the one hand, social impacts, which are three, namely: conflicts with the neighborhood, the exhibition of surrounding populations of diseases, and the exploitation of children in the activity. And on the other hand, three environmental impacts, including: air pollution, waste pollution and sound and olfactory pollution. The keywords: