Les problèmes de sécurité au Cameroun : Cas de la partie sud de la frontière Cameroun Nigeria 1970-2013

Abstract

The Cameroon-Nigeria border has known a tumultuous stage of delimitations that were previously carried out by the Germans and the British as protective powers of Cameroonian territory and colonizer of Nigerian territory. Then the French and the same British redid the border during the permanent guardianship. In the end, some redoing was done by the states after their independence in 1960. These adjustments were made because of certain border areas rich in natural resources which were the subject of several disputes by Nigerian neighbors. This situation added to the sourness of scourges such as the contrant, maritime piracy has led to insecurity on the national territory, particularly in the southern part of this border. However, the day after its independence, Cameroon was weakened by a crisis due to the demands of the upecist revolutionaries. It was from 1970 that President Ahidjo posed the barriers of Cameroon's security policy. The latter has known changes made by his successor Biya due to the different socio-political contexts in Cameroon. This work raises the issue of the mechanisms used by the Cameroonian State and their implementation to overcome the various security problems in the southern part of its border with Nigeria. We used two methodological approaches to analyze the information gathered from the different sources. These are the diachronic and inductive-hypotheco-deductive approaches. From these analyzes emerged the identification of the various vectors of insecurity and their typology in this part of the national territory. The synergy between the defense and security forces and the border population as well as the other state structures required good governance. Cameroon-Nigeria cooperation and the other States of the Gulf of Guinea is also essential to find a constructive solution to the problem. All these initiatives are based on the culture of national feelings, a guarantee of patriotism.