Gestion des logements sociaux publics à Yaoundé : Politiques, enjeux stratégiques et efficacité

Abstract

In the city of Yaoundé, the housing’s problem remains topical and is becoming more acute. This persistence is due to structural-organizational, socio-cultural and economic constraints. However, since its accession to independence, the state has made efforts at the normative and institutional levels to curb the situation. Based on this observation, the objective of this work is to understand and explain the basis of the persistence of the public social housing crisis as well as its induced effects on urban development in Yaoundé. Hense the following main question: How do the logics and practices of public social housing management in Yaoundé contribute to the persistence of the crisis in this sector? To this question, this central hypothesis is put forward: « The institutional and normative limits and practices of stakeholders in the management of public social housing contribute to fueling the crisis in the city of Yaoundé». To study this social fact, the study mobilized the theories of the dynamist sociology of Georges BALANDIER and strategic analysis of Michel CROZIER and ERHARD FRIEDBERG. Data collection was made from documentary research and a field investigation containing (the direct observation techniques and semi-directive intewiews). The interviews were conducted with around 30 respondents, including institutional actors, the populations and tenants of the SIC Camps of Yaoundé. All the information collected was stripped, analyzed and interpreted by the content analysis method. Thus, this work recorded three types of results. The first type reveals the efforts of the State. Indeed, more than 13 000 publics social housing units have already been built across the national territory and therefore, the city of Yaoundé has benefited from loans of 6 000. Also, the operation of 10 000 housing units launched in 2010 is in progress. For the second type of results, the study found that the inefficiency of institutional measures and the play of interests of actors in the management of social housing fuel the social housing crisis in Yaoundé. Added to this the population explosion itself fueled by the various functions assumed by the city of Yaoundé. Finally the policies inspired from outside remain ineffective, because certain aspects of the legal and institutional measures do not take into consideration the economic conditions of Cameroonians. The third type of results reveals that the social housing crisis in Yaoundé generates hostility, urban disorder marked by anarchic constructions, and the ownership of State goods.