Être et technique : une lecture de essais et conférences de Martin Heidegger

Abstract

Following the assured march of the very famous German thinker the philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), the present research work aims at proposing the results of a philosophical and phenomenological investigation on the history of the philosopher from Antiquity to Modernity and particularly on two dimensions of its deployment that are on the one hand the problem of Being and technique. Sixty-nine years after the presentation of the text of the conference "The Question of Technology" 1953) and in view of the technicalization and progressive devastation of the man-inhabited world which are characteristic of our time, it seems necessary to rethink at new costs this question of technology from the Heideggerian corpus as well as the various comments that have since been added to it. Identifying with Heidegger modern technology as the fundamental feature of our time, this research aims at reinterpret the concept of "technique", relieving it of the successive interpretations of the philosophical tradition that have made it a set of means for ends. In doing so, the concept of technique is deployed in all its historiality and beyond its metaphysical determination as an unveiling of the being. Still following Heidegger, we then explore the term Device which names the metaphysical infrastructure governing the mode of Appearance of any phenomenon in the age of technique. Our work attempts in the same breath to show how the history of Western metaphysics, understood as the history of being and its successive oblivion, leads to its own completion in the modern advent of this epoch. At the end of our research, it appears that modern technology, as a fundamental feature of our time, determines the very Appearance of being, the type of being to which contemporary subjects will have access; our phenomenality is therefore fully technical. The present dissertation shows in this sense how our epoch is both that of the domination of technology, under the paradigmatic figure of the Planetarized Device, and that of the fulfillment of Western metaphysics, born in Greece more than two millennia ago. As a conclusive opening, the present work finally addresses the danger as well as the corollary possibility and the guarantees of a rescue that lie according to Heidegger within the Device.