Extractivisme pétrolier et marginalisation des populations riveraines dans la sous-préfecture de Miandoum au Sud du Tchad

Abstract

The exploitation of extractive resources in Southern Chad has been a major source of controversies. The Chadian Government's inexperience in the domain of extractive industries, inadequate qualified national personnel in this field, the government's negligence in mobilizing funds for monitoring and evaluating projects in extractive industries and the incompetence of certain stakeholders involved in the project aroused feelings of mistrust of all sort right from the start of production. There is a general observation on the conduct of extractive industries in the world and particularly in Africa. So, opponents of the Doba oil project are constantly drawing the attention of the Chadian authorities and other actors on the deviant trajectory of extractive companies who do not respect the clauses of contracts. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that oil extraction in the Miandoum subdivision has negative socio-economic repercussions on the local population henceforth, marginalizing them. From this objective, the study derived a hypothesis stating that oil exploitation in Southern Chad has negative socio-economic repercussions in the lives of populations and as well as their marginalization. The hypothetico-deductive method made it possible to affirm or refute the hypotheses formulated at the onset. To arrive at expected results, the study made use of two phases of data collection. Data from secondary sources and those from primary sources consisting of direct observation, interviews and questionnaire surveys facilitated the achievement of results. Excel and SPSS software were used for data processing. ArcGIS and Google-Earth for cartographic production The following results were obtained: Oil extraction in the Miandoum sub-division is the major cause of soil pollution (98%), reduction of arable land (97% representing 4000ha), and 65% of the population does not benefit from oil fallout. About 71% of farmers have social integration problems and 55% are in the midst of land disputes. This situation requires careful reflection and the Government’s immediate intervention with new plans for the management of oil revenues.