L’analyse des pressions environnementales liées à la croissance urbaine actuelle de la bande côtière kribienne

Abstract

Urbanization, in its dimensions: (economic, demographic, and infrastructural) constitutes one of the most important pressures that contribute to the degradation of the ecosystem in general, and the coastal ecosystem in particular in all its components both on a global than to African scale. Throughout this work, the aim is to assess the extent of the environmental pressures induced by the current level of urban pressures (economic, demographic, and infrastructural) with a view to evaluating local and state strategies aimed at reducing the environmental impact. In addition to the geographical processing, which was carried out using Arc-Gis 10.8 software and based on the Landsat 7 (ETM+) image suite for the years 2000, 2012 and 2021. The methodological approach was also furnished by Research (documentary, questionnaires), interviews, field observations, physico-chemical analyses of river and tap water samples, suspended particulate matter readings as well as noise readings. It so happens that the urban situation of the city in terms of demography is constantly growing, because in a hypothesis of low demographic growth. There would be an increase of 4,000 people per year, and the city would be one of the Cameroonian cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, with implications for the ethnic and generational landscape (+76% of the allochthonous population; +75% of the population <50 years). The economic landscape is dominated by the tertiary sector, which occupies more than 60% of the active population, with new activities that are part of a logic of port metropolization of the locality and are carried out mainly by the private sector. In terms of space and infrastructure, over the last 9 years, if we exclude the major infrastructures (CIPK, roads, etc.), the built-up areas (economic and housing) have gained an average of 383.1 Ha/year of the land of the formerly rural area, which illustrates a strong land pressure. In terms of splashes: from 2000-2021, the forest cover has regressed by more than 25% or (6000 Ha) in the interval time of 2000 and 2017. The coastline has retreated by an average of 12.07 meters and by 200.9 meters at the maximum, accompanied by a visual pollution of the soils, this due to the amplification of the activities. The concentration of dust particles in the air (which reports VLA Max ranging from 13 -16 Mg /m3 > to the Cameroonian VLA); sound recordings (which illustrates maxima of 103 Db); and physico-chemical analyses of water highlight a vulnerability of the populations to so-called water and sound diseases. Institutional actors and CSOs have carried out curative actions to manage waste and an increase in the number of insalubrity initiatives. The need to promote good environmental practices at the household level and to encourage CSOs to become more involved, coupled with the need to encourage reforestation policies on the seafront and the hinterland, and to ensure that the Land Use Plan is respected, would further contribute to stabilizing and improving the city's environment.