Prise en charge des femmes enceintes et violences obstétricales dans les hôpitaux publics de yaoundé : formes, facteurs et implications à la maternité d’efoulan

Abstract

The present research which relates to the "Care of pregnant women and obstetrical violence in the public hospital of Yaoundé: Forms, Factors and implications at the maternity of Efoulan" was motivated by the observation of the emergence and the recurrence of violent practices in public maternity wards since the medicalization of childbirth. Indeed, despite the governmental and non-governmental initiatives taken to counter this phenomenon, this violence still persists. Therefore, this study raises the problem of the use of inappropriate practices during childbirth. The main question of this study is to know what implies the emergence of obstetrical violence during the care of pregnant women at the Efoulan maternity hospital. As for the main hypothesis, systemic, socio-legal and relational dysfunctions contribute to the emergence of obstetrical violence during the care of pregnant women at the Efoulan maternity unit. The qualitative approach was used in this study. Three theoretical grids guided this analysis. These are effectively structuralist constructivism, symbolic interactionism and dysfunctional functionalism. With regard to data collection, it was made from documentary research, semi-directive interviews, direct and participatory observation. The data collected after the respondents who are the parturients, their companions, the midwives, the associative and ministerial actors via the techniques of collection aroused were treated and analyzed led us to divide our analysis into two main parts each comprising two chapters. The results are as follows; Firstly, the obstetrical violence present at the Efoulan hospital has physical, verbal and economic characteristics. Secondly, the obstetrical violence that emerges during the care of parturients manages to persist thanks to the absence of effective socio-health activism, the absence of reproductive health laws and the absence of adequate infrastructures. Third, obstetrical violence has consequences on the ethics of care based on the vulnerability inherent in pregnancy and childbirth. Finally, obstetrical violence has an impact on the care relationship, on neonatal and child health as well as on the itinerary of care for parturients.