Biais cognitifs liés au choix de filière et sentiments d’efficacité personnelle perçue des étudiants dans l’orientation de l’enseignement supérieur

Abstract

This thesis focuses on the cognitive biases related to the choice of sector and the feeling of self-efficacy perceived by students in the orientation of higher education. The orientation phenomenon is the subject of debate in the world in general and in Cameroon in particular. This shows an increase in the rate of student mobility. The scientific literature abounds in research of an explanatory, quantitative nature in the face of this phenomenon of cognitive bias in orientation, because they mainly appeal to the various actors and factors on which one can act on the choice of course for students in order to promote their development and their socio-professional integration. However, a large number of research shows that orientation to teaching refers to all the psychological and psychosocial processes that young people in school go through in certain training courses (Guichard and Huteau 2019).The various errors or cognitive distortions of thought used in the process of orientation create bias and do not favor the involvement of students, which leads us to pose the problem of "the inadequacy of the feeling of self-efficacy perception of students in university orientation”. In order to remedy this inadequacy, cognitive biases would prove to be more effective when it comes to making decisions in terms of choice of sector. An exact knowledge of these biases would allow a better understanding of the implication of the individual capacities of the students in their orientation. From this problem, we will formulate the following main research question “do cognitive biases have an indicative impact on the feeling of perceived efficacy when it comes to choosing a sector? ". And the main hypothesis that results from this is “cognitive biases have an indicative impact on the feeling of self-efficacy perceived by students in university orientation. The objective is to show the impact of cognitive biases on students' perceived self-efficacy and which thus contribute to their success and/or abandonment. To achieve this goal, we used a questionnaire. This study involved 125 school students using simple random sampling. The results of this study show that the biases of availability, choice support and conformism have a significant impact on the feeling of self-efficacy perceived by students when it comes to making the decision in relation to their cour