La question de la liberté chez Hegel et ses implications actuelles : Une lecture des principes de la philosophie du droit

Abstract

This research work proposes an analysis of the concept of freedom in the light of Hegel's theory of right. The aim of this research is to elucidate the meaning or significance of freedom in order to determine the place it occupies in human existence. Indeed, freedom is fundamental to human dignity in that it allows individuals to live in accordance with their values, choices, or aspirations; this is why it is important to reflect on the concept of freedom. Thus, the interest of this research is to show how and why freedom contributes to the improvement of human or societal living conditions. Hence the imperative to question the validity of freedom for humanity. Based on an analytical and critical approach, this work shows that Hegel proposes an expanded conception of freedom, as it is present in all aspects of social and political life. This leads Hegel to found freedom on the respect of ethical life principles, namely respect for individual rights, human dignity, institutions, laws, duties, and the pursuit and realization of the common good. To this end, Hegel distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom. He shows that negative freedom is singular or individual freedom, which consists solely in acting according to the free will of the individual, whereas positive freedom is substantial freedom that exists in self-consciousness and manifests itself through concrete actions within ethical reality. However, far from being an essentially idealistic and outdated thought, Hegel's political and social philosophy shines through its originality and relevance. Hegel's conception of freedom is applicable to contemporary political and social concerns, as his political thought leads us to reflect on issues of justice, peace, social cohesion, and even development. Freedom is then the sine qua non condition for a better life, as it allows individuals to lead a life consistent with the requirements of rationality, morality, and ethics.