Les fondements philosophiques de la justice économique chez Amartya Sen. Une étude de l’approche par les capabilités dans éthique et économie.

Abstract

The present work is part of an effort to understand the facts of economic justice, and especially its relationship with human well-being, regardless of scale. The literature used for this purpose is multidisciplinary, because of the diversity of the human subject. However, the essence of this work is based on the problem of the ethical issues of freedom and social choice in the construction of a new economic order. By formulating the problem in this way, it should be clearly understood that the debate is centred not only on questions of distribution, which we call the "distribuendum", but also on notions of choice, as an expression of freedom and, moreover, the philosophical "foundation" of well-being. Following an analytical-critical methodical approach, we have presented the various economic and philosophical trends in debate on the issue, and arrived at two distinct results relative to each scale, but not unrelated. At the national or community level, economic justice should be articulated not in the sense of material equality, but more in the more inclusive sense of integrating all members of social cooperation, regardless of their differences. This is what our author of reference calls "capabilities". On a global scale, we postulate that the redistribution of resources should be marked not only by a humanitarian impulse of charity, but also and above all by a more binding demand for justice in relation to the historical relations between rich and poor countries.