Migration et accès à la terre dans la zone périurbaine de la ville de Yaoundé : Cas de la commune de Mbankomo.

Abstract

For the past ten years or so, Mbankomo has been experiencing a rush of migrants from all over the country who are taking over the area. This explains why access to land by migrants in the sub-division of Mbankomo is a growing concern. It is this situation that has led to a particular interest in the topic entitled: "Migration and access to land in the peri-urban area of the city of Yaoundé: the case of Mbankomo sub-division ". The aim of this topic is to assess the impact or repercussions of migrants' access to land in the Commune of Mbankomo. We started from the main hypothesis according to which, in a context of socio-political crisis in the North-West and South-West regions, land scarcity and demographic growth in the urban center of the city of Yaoundé have led to a rush of migrants to Mbankomo in search of a plot of land on which to build a home. To verify this main hypothesis, we used the hypothetico-deductive approach, which enabled us to gain a better understanding of the realities on the ground in order to obtain the results contained in four chapters. In addition to data from secondary sources, data from primary sources were obtained through field surveys of local populations, for a sample of 170 households residing in the sampled neighbourhoods, and interviews with certain resource persons, in particular the sub-prefect, the president of the Ngoumou courts of small and large instances, the Ngoumou departmental delegation for land affairs (MINDCAF) of the Mefou-et-Akono, etc. The results of the fieldwork show that there are several methods of accessing land in Mbakomo, in particular regular methods of access (purchase by mutual agreement, rental, gift, inheritance, etc.) and irregular methods of access (trickery, influence peddling, certificate of abandonment of customary rights, etc.) It is estimated that between 35 and 40% of the land in the target areas where our study was carried out is appropriated, and that this has a direct impact on the development of the locality. These forms of access to land give rise to a wide range of development projects, such as the construction of housing (low, medium and high standard), schools, hospitals, roads, etc. These projects also have a direct impact on local development. Moreover, this pressure on land is a function of a number of issues, including socio-economic issues, cultural issues and strategic issues. Several players are involved in the process of access to land in Mbankomo, notably the State (MINDCAF, MINHDU, MINAT, etc.) and non-State players (customary authorities, popular developers, landowners, etc.) In addition, several factors influence migrants' access to land: administrative and political factors, socio-political factors and cultural factors. However, it should be noted that the rush of migrants for land in Mbankomo sub-division is the cause of numerous land conflicts, such as double sales, boundary disputes, encroachments, illegal sales, etc. Migrants' access to land is an acute problem in Mbankomo. The administrative and political authorities therefore need to set about resolving this problem, which is hampering the Commune's development.