Mondialisation-altermondialisme : de la dialectique centre-périphérie à l’afrocentricite

Abstract

Different ways of regulating the living have been experimented since the constitution of humanity. This research proposes to auscultate its dominant contemporary form otherwise called globalization. Although the word was coined by Coubertin at the beginning of the last century, Mondialisation, whose eponym in Anglo-Saxon culture is globalization, refers in the context of this work to the establishment of institutions for the regulation of exchanges and interactions on a planetary scale. As such, it takes the form of International Governance insofar as it aims to organize and regulate the interactions between States and, consequently, the relationships between people inside and outside states. This governance with global claims, to benefit from the sympathy capital that characterized it from 1945 until the year 2000, was built around a narrative highlighting its catalog of good intentions that we will call its positive externalities. Among other things: to preserve humanity from the scourge of war, to fight against ignorance on the earth of men through Unesco, to promote health for all through the WHO, to facilitate access to goods and services through the through the WTO. All in all, globalization proposed to achieve supreme happiness, by capitalizing on the capacities expressed by man through the various scientific and technical revolutions which confer on him an almost exponential power, if only in is the production of the material goods necessary for the realization of its needs. However, as the most advanced and successful manifestation of capitalist rationality, globalization has kept all its characteristics, including: the multiplication of inequalities and the disruption of the major social, societal and now environmental balances. In this way, a wind of anguish hovers over humanity, now threatened with extinction for the first time in history, and this, without technological prowess being able to offer any glimmer of salvation. Indeed, continuing its fall into the abyss of uncertainty, globalization thereby legitimizes its criticisms and justifies in other ways the need and urgency to develop and implement new and better prospects, not only trajectories and of the polarities of humanity, but above all of its becoming or becoming again posed as a guarantee of the emergence of an alternative and truly humanistic horizon: Afrocentricity. Theorized in American universities driven by the movement of cultural studies, Afrocentricity aims to bring this extra soul whose absence constitutes the Achilles heel of international governance. Thus Afrocentricity postulates above all the redemption of Egyptian viii civilization which, by a kind of ruse of history, will be the philosophy of the globalization of happiness. However, Afrocentricity runs the risk of also becoming part of Eurocentrism, in a perspective that is also hegemonist and exclusivist since it ignores the positive contributions of other civilizational poles (West, South America, Asia) in the making of history. Nevertheless, upon observation, the metastases of the contestation of globalization transcend the Negro- African pole as evidenced by the radical nature of the consolidation of the Shangani Pact against the Washington Consensus on the one hand, the generalization of alter-globalism/anti- globalism ideologically and now militarily translated by Russia in its hushed confrontation with NATO in Ukraine. All this makes clear the aggravated opening of the anti-globalization front and the multivocity of the actors prefiguring the multipolarity of the future of globalization. This work will consist of three main axes or parts. The first main axis will present globalization, the second part will be reserved for the detailed study of Afrocentricity while the third main axis will be devoted to the presentation of other alternatives to liberal globalization which is only one form among many other possible forms of organization of social relations and human relations on a planetary scal