Le réel dans la philosophie de Bernard d’Espagnat, une analyse de le réel voilé

Abstract

The question of reality has always animated scientific debates since Antiquity. The relationships between man and the objects and phenomena of the world to which he himself belongs have, to this end, given rise to many reflections. From the history of science, it emerges that it has never been easy to distinguish what is real from what is not. Moreover, the multiplicity of results that relativity makes us face has not resolved this problem. Indeed, the descriptions of an object or a phenomenon at different scales of observation can contradict each other. This is how the characteristic of science since the modern period is to describe and explain these objects and phenomena by theories whose descriptions seem to move further and further away from empirical reality. Quantum mechanics has added to this concept whose explanations tend towards metaphysics to explain reality. In this way, it requires us to detach ourselves from our percepts inherited from classical physics. It has become more difficult to assert the reality of objects without falling into physicalist reductionism. This is to say the necessity of the theories and concepts of quantum mechanics to succeed in grasping this uncertain reality, this independent real. This work is therefore part of the vast movement of distant realism today called quantum realism. This is why it focuses on "the real in the philosophy of Bernard d'Espagnat: a reading of The Veiled Real". The problem that is treated there through an analytical approach is that of the epistemological legitimacy of the theory of the veiled real. The main thesis of this work is that quantum physics establishes a better description of empirical reality but that it only comes closer to the veiled real which would be unattainable according to him. Quantum metaphysics presents itself as an extension of classical metaphysics. Mathematical symbolism is posed to resolve the problems of language that seem to resurface with quantum physics. This is how the veiled real would have an interest as a concept then as a philosophy of the relationship and for the identification of development problems particularly in French-speaking black African countries.