L’adaptation et la résilience des producteurs de cacao et de maïs de l’arrondissement de Ntui a la variabilité climatique

Abstract

Climate variability affects the socio-economic life of the populations of the Ntui district. This work aims to analyze the influence of climate variability on cocoa and corn production in the said district. To achieve this objective, data from surveys on the perception and impacts of climate variability on production, data on temperature, precipitation and production of the two speculations were cross-referenced using statistical tools such as SPSS, Excel, etc. It appears that the analysis of average annual precipitation from 1982 to 2021 shows a downward trend around 132.3 mm of general average. Temperatures show an upward trend around 37.1°C (general average of the study). Ten-year average temperatures decreased during the decades 1982-1991 (36.1°C) and 1992-2001 (37°C). On the other hand, they increase during the decades 2002-2011 (37.6°C) and 2012-2021 (37.8°C). The hazard analysis was carried out and the trends of the characteristics analyzed. The creation of the risk matrix made it possible to assess the impacts of these climatic extremes on cocoa and corn production. The results of the impact study indicate an increase in droughts, an increase in floods, heat waves, violent winds and erosion. These climatic hazards have a high probability of occurrence and a high degree of impact. The destruction of crops by erosion, monkeys, seed-eating birds, weeds; crop rot; drying out of crops, destruction of crops by violent winds; wilting, yellowing and drying of crops, etc. are, among other things, the impacts of these climatic extremes on the production of cocoa and corn. In view of these impacts, farmers in response to climatic disturbances developed adaptation options such as the use of chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, etc.), the use of improved varieties, the construction of stone barriers and dikes, the association of crops, the abandonment of certain plots and the extension of agricultural areas.