L’idée de révolution et le devenir historique de l’Afrique selon Nkrumah

Abstract

The historical progress of Africa, at a given moment, was manifested in terms of negation: negation of the being of the African, negation of his humanity, of his dignity. The other represented the African in the mode of an ontological nothingness, that is to say a non-being. From the slave trade to the adjustment of Africa to the neoliberal market, passing through slavery, colonization, neocolonialism, the history of the continent is made of the reification of the negro essence, deportation, monetary servitude and upheaval of the economic, social, cultural and political systems of the Negroes. Since the colonial enterprise denied the being of the African, the thought effort of the period of independence will be focused on the strategies of combat against imperialism. The quest for independence will therefore be understood as the desire for liberation, for anthropological disalienation, for the categorical negation of imperialist ideology. Nkrumah, in this way, understands the mechanisms of the revolutionary process for the socialist leap. Thus, from a descriptive, analytical and critical approach, it is a question of highlighting the status and role of revolutionary ideology within the liberation movements of Africa. The socialist revolution, far from being the mechanical result of a popular uprising, is based on a revolutionary ideology, which is manifested by a political, social and moral theory and without which not only the fight against imperialism would be ineffective but also, transformation advocated would never lead to victory. By referring to philosophical conscientism as an ideology of revolutionary action, we note that revolutionary rationality is the daughter of ideological rationality. Today, the contribution of the conscientious dialectic in the project of the African revolution and in the elaboration of multilectic thought is undeniable in that it inscribes the intelligibility of the historical change of the continent in the dynamics of the construction of the new multipolar world in the preparation.