Etude de la diversité des ravageurs de deux espèces de Solanaceae : Solanum melongena L. et Solanum aethiopicum L., à Yaoundé

Abstract

The present study has been fulfilled in the campus of ENS of UYI from January to August 2015. Twice a week, we have proceeded to the direct observations of the activity of animal species moving through an experimental garden set up by us for this purpose. During observations, adults samples of each species or morphotypes have been collected and fixed in labelled boxes who containing alcohol at 70% this after the identification of the activity of insects. The larva have been collected and bred in the zoology laboratory of Faculty of Sciences of the UYI until the achievement of adult forms. With a view of evaluating the extent of damage of the different depredators on the fruits production, those latter have been examined, collected and incubated once a week. Through the compting of this data, relative abundance have been calculated on the scale of orders, Families and species. ANOVA test was used to study the influence of phenology of the plants on the abundance of pests. The attacks rate on fruits has been assessed. The sample of 1170 invertebrate species collected, allowed us to recognize 12 orders of arthropods, 1 order of molluscs, 38 families and 51 species. The Hemiptera (51, 41% of global fauna) and the Hymenoptera (45, 55%) are the most abundant orders. At the level of the families, the Formicidae (45, 55% of the global faune), the Aphididae (44, 23 % of the global fauna) and the Aleyrodidae (5, 80%) have numerically dominated the community. Furthermore, the fauna associated with Solanum melongena has been the most diversified (41 species). The phenology state has an influence on the fauna of biter-suckers associated with Solanum melongena. Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera) is responsible for about 71% of loss of fruits over Solanum aethiopicum. The knowledge of fauna associated with eggplants is a prerequisite of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) which must be taken into account.