Évaluation de l’effet gastroprotecteur de l’extrait méthanolique d’emilia coccinea (asteraceae) contre l’ulcère gastrique induit par l’éthanol chez des rats

Abstract

Emilia coccinea is a medical plant commonly used traditionally in the treatment of many ailments such as gastric ulcer. This study was performed to evaluate the gastro-protective effect of methanolic extracts of Emilia coccinea leaf extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in experimental rats. We adopted an experimental research approach of a case-control study. A total target of 30 adult male rats (150 to 200 g) were selected and divided into 5 groups of rats each one including 3 experimental groups, 1 positive control group and 1 negative control group. These groups were treated respectively with the the methanolic extract of Emilia coccinea (250, 500 and 1000mg/kg) with omeprazole (20 mg/kg) and distilled water (1ml). Pretreatment with the methanolic extract of Emilia coccinea at 250, 500, 1000mg/Kg of body weight, decreased significantly (p< 0, 05) the average ulcerated surface of the experimental groups compared to the negative control group. The index of ulcer is 7,90 ± 0,07 for the negative control group with 5,18 ± 0,36; 4,95 ± 0,31 and 2,47 ± 0,10 for the respective amounts of 250 mg/Kg, 500 mg/Kg and 1000mg/Kg of extract. The methanolic extract of Emilia coccinea inhibited the gastric lesions induced in the rats with a percentage of inhibition of 40, 44 % for 1000 mg/Kg against an inhibition of 54,43 % observed in the rats treated with the omeprazole. The cytoprotection of the methanolic extract of Emilia coccinea is associated with a significant increase in the secretion of gastric mucus: p< 0, 05 compared to the negative control and p< 0,05 compared to the positive control group treated with the omeprazole at 20 mg/Kg. The volume of the gastric juice decreases as the amount of the extract increases. The anti-ulcerogenic effects of the extracts would thus be associated with protective film on the mucus membrane, and by adsorption of the ulcerogenic substances. In addition, protection would results from endogenous production of prostaglandin, mucus and bicarbonates, due to stimulation of protective physiological factors of the gastric mucous membrane.