Profil de résistance des isolats cliniques de Helicobacter pylori vis-à-vis de quelques antibiotiques usuels utilisés au Cameroun

Abstract

The infection with Helicobacter pylori figure among the bacterial infections most widespread in the world. This bacterium plays a major role in the genesis of the lesions of the gastric mucous membrane whose is at the origin of gastroduodenals pathologies such as the ulcers gastroduodenals, the MALT lymphomas, gastric adenocarcinome etc... Today, the traditional therapeutic diagrams were adopted at the time of the conference of consensus and are selected according to the sensibility of the stocks of H. pylori to antibiotics usually used, of the facilities of observance and the undesirable side effects. The aims of this work is to establish a profile of resistance of the clinical isolates of H.pylori with respect to some antibiotics in Cameroon and to characterize the isolates according to their clinical susceptibility. The method of diffusion on solid medium was used to carry out the susceptibility of the clinical isolates towards antibiotics used in Cameroon in order to propose the antibiotherapy, prelude to best dealt of the patients suffering from pathologies gastroduodenals. Then, the character of resistance have been given for each family of antibiotics used. The results obtained reveal that: The clinical isolates are strongly resistant to antibiotics of the beta-lactam antibiotics (100%) family’s except for the imipenème for which 40% of the isolates appeared sensitive. Concerning the families of the aminosides and macrolides, resistances of 50%, 32, 5% and 97, 5% were obtained respectively towards the nétilmicine, clarithromycine and the erythromycine. The antibiotics’s family of the tétracyclines are the only antibiotics for which none resistance was obtained, as for the quinolones antibiotics families, resistance of about 0% and 12, 5% were obtained respectively towards the levofloxacine and ciprofloxacine. In addition, resistances of 100% and 5% were recorded respectively in front of fosfomycines, glycopeptides, imidazols, lincosamides and the acid fusidic. The discovery of resistances makes it possible to define new therapeutic strategies for the treatment in sight of eradication of the infection by H. pylori.