Contribution à la connaissance des interactions plantes / fourmis / hémiptères dans les agrosystèmes maraichers à base de Solanum spp.

Abstract

In Cameroon, the agents of popularization and, in part, groups of market gardeners and the local communal organizations help the market gardeners however to increase their outputs in a lasting way, to create wealth and to reduce the risks affecting the productivity. In this optic, the present survey, that is a contribution to the knowledge of the interactions plants/ants/hemipterans in the market agrosystem to basis of Solanum spp., has been achieved in the campus of the Superior Normal school of the University of Yaoundé I between April and September 2015. It permitted to inventory 1417 individuals representing 78 species, 44 families and 11 orders of bugs on the eggplants. This community also regroups many devastating well as auxiliaries for the plant. The devastating tackles various organs of the plant and that, during all stages of the cycle of development of the plant. Some of these devastating distinguish themselves either by their abundance, either by their harmfulness on the plant. So Epithrix sp, Brachiacantha sp, Micraspis lineata, Drosophilidae Gn1sp1, Drosophilidae Gn2sp2, Muscidae Gn2sp2, Trialeurode sp, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Leptocentrus bolivari, Proboscidocoris sp, Dorycoris pavonicus, Pheidole megacephala and Pheidole sp cause the most important damages on the leaves of the eggplants. The fruits of eggplants are the main targets of the larvas drills of pyrale Leucinodes orbonalis. An analysis of the fluctuations of abundances of the devastating most damaging during the period of survey permitted us to show that the abundance of these species changes with the phenology of the plant and the months and are correlated with the seasons of the year. Fauna associated to the eggplants is varied and account also many devastating that the useful fauna of which one must take account in the political of management and protective integrated of the cultures against the devastating Arthropods.