Modélisation, Simulation et Analyse de sensibilité d'une centrale électrique hybride Solaire PV/ Eolien/ Diesel/ Batteries dans une région sahélienne du Tchad : influences de la variabilité des charges et de l’intermittence climatique.

Abstract

Given the vast size of the Chadian territory (1,284,000 km ), many homes are isolated or at a great distance from the power grid, so the costs of connecting to the grid are inflated, and often connection is simply impossible. Stand-alone systems are therefore an attractive option for supplying electricity to people in these regions. This thesis focuses on the use of renewable energies in a hybrid system as a means of generating electricity, combining two renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, wind) with storage and a back-up generator. This overcomes the intermittency, uncertainty and low availability of each renewable energy source, making these systems more reliable. Following a literature-based study, new correlations are proposed for four Sahelian towns in Chad giving an average sunshine duration of 8 hours per day. Similarly, the results of a study of wind regimes and wind potential at Mongo for an average annual wind speed at 10 m above ground level show that it varies from 3.65 m/s to 6.52 m/s, while the wind potential, estimated by Weibull's law, is 35 kWh /m . A study of the implementation of a hybrid power plant in Mongo (Chad) was carried out, while assessing the needs of the population. The basic characteristics of the PV generator, wind turbine and converters were modelled and simulated. The techno-economic and environmental analysis was examined using the HOMER (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) simulation tool, selecting the optimum configuration based on cost of energy (COE), net present cost (NPC), renewable fraction (RF) and greenhouse gas emission (GHG). According to the results obtained and the sensitivity analysis, the optimum configuration has an NPC of $9.839 and a COE of $0.185/kWh, with an operating cost of $286.77. The system is environmentally friendly with a renewable fraction of 98.3% and greenhouse gas emissions of 286.78 kg/year.